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James Marsden Hurst 1924—2005
Chapter 2.3 Timing Is the Key

Hurst nominal cycles

Table II-1 of Hurst's 1970 book: nominal market-cycle durations from 18 years to 1.625 weeks, and how they frame measurements of observed cycles.

Who this entry is for — Hurst's “table of clocks”: the reference durations against which each cycle measured on a chart can be compared. Without this compass, analysts may count weeks using incompatible frames.

Source: J. M. Hurst, The Profit Magic of Stock Transaction Timing, Prentice-Hall, 1970 — Chapter 2, Table II-1 and The Nominality Principle (p. 33).

Verification scope — The historical tables and measurements were compared with the cited pages. Source-checked documents fidelity to the source; it does not validate the model's predictive effectiveness in present-day markets.


Prerequisites

Five principles of the cyclic model — especially what “nominal” means and why observed values vary.


Definition

In plain terms — These are not periods fixed to the day. They are reference labels (13 weeks, 26 weeks, 18 months…). On a chart, measure the distance between two lows and compare it with the rows in the table.

Nominal cycles are the reference durations introduced by the nominality principle. Variation requires the model to use common values from which each security and each period can deviate within a range. The nominal durations express commonality; the deviations express variation.


Table II-1 (Hurst 1970, p. 33)

The original table has three columns: the same duration expressed in years, months and weeks where applicable.

Years Months Weeks
18
9
4.5
3
1.5 18
1 12
0.75 9
0.5 * 6 26
0.25 * 3 13
1.5 6.5
0.75 3.25
0.375 1.625

* The table's original note says that the 26- and 13-week components often appear in the data as a combined effect with a nominal duration of about 18 weeks. The book measures this effect at 18.5 weeks for Warner Co. and 18.75 weeks for Standard Packaging.

The nominal cycle ladder Table II-1 in visual form · log horizontal axis, thickness ∝ magnitude. Twelve reference clocks, from eighteen years down to eleven days. HURST 1970 · CH. 2 The nominal cycle ladder Table II-1 in visual form · log horizontal axis, thickness ∝ magnitude CYCLEPEDIA DIAGRAM — EMICICLO 18 years 939 wk 9 years 470 wk 4.5 years 235 wk 3 years 157 wk 18 months 78 wk 12 months 52 wk 9 months 39 wk 26 weeks* 26 wk 13 weeks* 13 wk 6.5 weeks 6.50 wk 3.25 weeks 3.25 wk 1.625 weeks 1.63 wk * The 26- and 13-week components often appear in data as a combined ~18-week effect. Twelve reference clocks, from eighteen years down to eleven days.
The table shown visually: adjacent rows use several simple ratios rather than one constant ratio; the longer bars are also thicker, representing proportionality in the model.
Select the highlighted points to explore the detail

How to measure: the book's exercise

In plain terms — Draw an envelope on the chart, mark the points where price contacts its bounds and count the weeks between lows. Average the selected samples to estimate the current duration; use their spread to describe the observed variation.

Chapter 2 performs the full measurement on the weekly DJIA from 1965 to 1969 (Fig. II-3). The distances between the lettered lows are:

Span Weeks Span Weeks
A–B 23 F–G 22
B–C 14 G–H 24
C–D 9 H–I 17
D–E 21 I–J 20
E–F 12 J–K 23

There are ten samples. B–C, C–D and E–F are treated as evident variants — an expression of magnitude-duration fluctuation — and are excluded. The mean of the remaining seven is 21.428 weeks: in this DJIA sample, the current expression of the nominal 26-week component. The deviations (+2.572 / −4.428) are rounded to ±3.5, producing a near-term expectation of “21.4 ± 3.5-week cycles”. The estimate must be updated continuously because the observed duration can vary.

All the chapter's measurements

Nominal component Empirical measurement Data
26 weeks 21.4 ± 3.5 (7 samples) Weekly DJIA 1965–69, envelope
18 months (78 weeks) 67 and 75 → 71 ± 4 Same chart, nesting up
6.5 weeks 21.4 ÷ 3 = 7.14 → refined to 6.766 (15 samples, ±0.8) Nesting down, Figs. II-5/II-6
4.5 years (54 months) 52 ± 1 months (4 samples) Monthly DJIA 1949–69, logarithmic scale — the “bull-bear” cycle (Fig. II-8)
Combined effect of the 13- and 26-week components 18.5 (Warner Co.) · 18.75 (Standard Packaging) Numerical analysis and envelopes
Original figure temporarily withheld while publication rights are verified.
The original plate: an envelope made of straight segments between weekly lows and highs, used to refine the estimate to 6.766 weeks.
Original figure temporarily withheld while publication rights are verified.
The original plate: monthly DJIA from 1949 on a logarithmic scale, with four samples of 52 ± 1 months compared with the 4.5-year nominal component.

Example — Suppose you count 22 weeks between two lows. Relative to the empirical mean of 21.4 weeks in the DJIA sample, the difference is +0.6 weeks, so the measurement lies within the book's 17.9–24.9-week interval. The 26-week nominal is the comparison label, not the centre of that interval. If you count 19 weeks, the table's note also asks you to consider the combined effect of the 13- and 26-week components.


Operational use

  1. Draw the envelope on the chart.
  2. Count the weeks between consecutive lows; Hurst considers lows better defined than highs.
  3. Exclude evident variants, average the remaining observations and record the deviation.
  4. Compare the result with the nearest row in the table and update it after every new low.
  5. At least 6–7 data points per cycle are needed. If the chart does not contain them, expand the scale to daily data; if the sample is too short, contract it to monthly data.

Summary card

If you measure… Nominal row Note
About 5–8 weeks 6.5 weeks The “gallop” within the trading cycle
About 11–15 weeks 13 weeks
About 17–20 weeks Combined 13- and 26-week components The approximately 18-week effect in the table note
About 20–28 weeks 26 weeks The book's reference for the trading cycle
About 60–80 weeks 18 months Measured by nesting up
About 4–5 years 4.5 years The “bull-bear” cycle; monthly data are needed

Intraday extension (Hickson, post-book)

In the nominal model presented by David Hickson, the scale attributed to Hurst reaches the 5-day cycle. Hickson explicitly says that he added the shorter cycles and extended his own implementation down to about 3 minutes. The intraday extension is therefore a post-Hurst Hickson / Sentient Trader formalisation: it is not in the 1970 book's table and is not attributed here to the Cycles Course. See Eight principles of the cyclic model and After the book.


Sources

  • J. M. Hurst, The Profit Magic of Stock Transaction Timing, Prentice-Hall, 1970, Chapter 2, Table II-1 p. 33 and measurements pp. 37–48.
  • David Hickson, 10 Core Concepts of Hurst Cycles, concepts 5–6, pp. 5–6 — harmonic nominal model, variation and the modern extension below the daily scale.